William Faulkner (25 September 1897 – 6 July 1962) was a Narrator and poet American. His real name was Falkner, changed for commercial reasons. His works include psychological drama and emotional depth, used long and serpenteada prose, apart from a meticulous lexicon.
As other prolific authors, suffered the envy and was considered the stylistic rival Hemingway (long phrases contrasted with the short Hemingway). The only likely American modernist of the 1930s, the pilot European such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and Marcel Proust writers and known for its use of innovative literary techniques as the inner monologue, the inclusion of multiple narrators or views and breaks in time within the narrative tradition is considered. Its influence is noticeable in the generation of American writers of the second half of the 20th century. García Márquez in his living to tell the tale and Vargas Llosa in the fish in the water, support its influence in the narrative, which read more as an influence emerges: are their disciples.
Biography
Born in New Albany, a town in the State of Mississippi, grew up in nearby Oxford, Mississippi), place where the family moved in 1902. He was the eldest of four brothers of a traditional southern family. General of the South was heavily influenced by his native state, as well as the environment. Mississippi marked his sense of humor and maintained a strong presence in all his work, in which the southern typical character, was a constant, and next to the timelessness of its themes, marcarían base all their literary recreations.
In 1915, he left school and started working at the Bank of his grandfather. During the First world war he joined as pilot of R.A.F. (British Royal). When he returned to his city, entered as veteran at the University of Mississippi, but returned to drop out of school: this time was to dedicate himself to writing. During that time he did work as a painter of ceilings or postman at the University of Mississippi (where placed it by his habit of reading magazines before delivering them), and published his first and only book of poems: The Marble Faun (1924).
From 1921, Faulkner worked as a journalist in New Orleans and he met the American writer Sherwood Anderson, who helped him find a Publisher for his first novel, La pays soldiers (1926).
Spent a season travel throughout Europe. On his return he began writing a series of novels set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha (inspired by Lafayette County, Mississippi), pass where large County part of his writings, which makes a geographical description and draws a map in Absalom, Absalom! (1936). There was moved to 6,928 whites and 9,313 blacks as a pretext to present characteristic group ruined sudiste archetype which was his own family characters. The first of these novels is Sartoris (1929), which identified Colonel Sartoris with his own grandfather, William Cuthbert Falkner, soldier, politician, writer and constructor rail. Then appears the sound and the fury (1929), who confirmed his creative maturity and begins his most fertile stage from the artistic point of view.
In general, critique identifies the sound and the fury as agonizo (1930), light of August (1932), Absalom, Absalom!, the village (1940) as their most important novels. The most inspired period of Faulkner’s work closes with the collection of tales descends, Moses! (1942), which includes one of his top creations, long story “The bear”.
In 1929, he married Estelle Oldham, decided to establish his house and set its literary residency in the small village of Oxford.
In spite of the good acceptance of the readers of his works, only sold well sanctuary (1931). Its themes of evil and corruption remain relevant today. The sequel to the book, Requiem for a Nun, is the only play that published. The introduction is a single sentence that includes a few pages. Due to the success of sanctuary managed quite lucrative work as a screenwriter in Hollywood.
In 1946, the critic Malcolm Cowley, concerned that Faulkner was little known and appreciated, published The Portable Faulkner, book which brings together excerpts from novels in a chronological sequence.
It is considered one of the most important fiction creators of letters of the twentieth century abreast of Marcel Proust, Franz Kafka and James Joyce. His influence on literature lies both technical (such as development of the consciousness, the multiperspectivismo, orality narration, a not chronological time account management) and thematic (the decline of a family, the failure, the creation of an own territory of fiction that lie a cycle of stories, the obsession with the history, the combination of localism and universality). Faulkner greatly influenced later authors in Spanish as Juan Rulfo, Juan Carlos Onetti, Juan Benet, Gabriel García Márquez, Mario Vargas Llosa, or Juan José Saer. Jorge Luis Borges translated the wild Palms.
Faulkner was known and identified in public by alcoholism.
Wrote novels and stories until his death in Oxford, on 6 July 1962.
Awards
* In 1949, he won the Nobel Prize in literature;
* In 1955, received the Pulitzer Prize for his novel A Fable; and
* The National Book Award (posthumous) for his Collected Stories.
Work
Novels
* The soldiers pay (Soldiers’ Pay, 1926)
* Mosquitoes, (Mosquitoes, 1927)
* Sartoris (1929)
* The sound and the fury (The Sound and the Fury, 1929)
* While agonizo, (As I Lay Dying, 1930)
* Sanctuary (Sanctuary, 1931)
* Light of August (Light in August, 1932)
* Pylon, (Pylon, 1935)
* Absalom, Absalom!, (Absalom, Absalom!, 1936)
* The undefeated, (The Unvanquished, 1938)
* Wild Palms (The wild palms – If I Forget Thee Jerusalem, 1939)
* The village, (The Hamlet, 1940)
* Descends, Moses, (Go Down, Moses, 1942)
* Intruder in the dust, (Intruder in the Dust, 1948)
* Requiem for a woman (Requiem for a Nun, “Requiem for a nun”, 1951).
* A fable, (A Fable, 1954)
* The city, (The Town, 1957)
* The mansion, (The Mansion, 1959)
* The getaway or the rateros, (The Reivers, 1962)
* Flags on dust (Flags in the Dust, 1973)
Stories
* “Landing in Luck” (“ll” (1922))
* “New Orleans”
* “Mirrors of Chartres Street” (1925)
* “Damon and Pythias Unlimited” (1925)
* “Jealousy” (1925)
* “Cheest” (1925)
* “Out of Nazareth” (1925)
* “The Kingdom of God” (1925)
* “The Rosary” (1925)
* “The Cobbler” (1925)
* “Chance” (1925)
* “Sunset” (1925)
* “The Kid Learns” (1925)
* “The Liar” (1925)
* “Home” (1925)
* “Episode” (1925)
* “Country Mice” (1925)
* “I Ho and Two Bottles of Rum” (1925)
* “Music – Sweeter than the Angels Sing”
* “A rose for Emily” (A Rose for Emily, 1930)
* “Honour” (1930)
* “Thrift” (1930)
* “Network Leaves” (1930)
* “Ad Astra” (1931)
* “Dry September” (1931)
* “That Evening Sun” (1931)
* “Hair” (1931)
* “Spotted Horses” (1931)
* “The Hound” (1931)
* “Fox Hunt” (1931)
* Carcassonne (1931)
* “Divorce in Naples” (1931)
* “Victory” (1931)
* “All the Dead Pilots” (1931)
* “Crevasse” (1931)
* “Mistral” (1931)
* “To Justice” (1931)
* “Dr. Martino” (1931)
* “Idyll in the Desert” (1931)
* “Miss Zilphia Gant” (1932)
* “Death Drag” (1932)
* “Centaur in Brass” (1932)
* “Eleven Aboard the Lugger (I)” (1932)
* “Lizards in Jamshyd’s Courtyard” (1932)
* “Turnabout” (1932)
* “Smoke” (1932)
* “Mountain Victory” (1932)
* “There Was a Queen” (1933)
* “Artist at Home” (1933)
* “Beyond” (1933)
* “Elly” (1934)
* “Pennsylvania Station” (1934)
* “Wash” (1934)
* “A Bear Hunt” (1934)
* “The Leg” (1934)
* “Black Music” (1934)
* “Mule in the Yard” (1934)
* “Ambuscade” (1934)
* “Retreat” (1934)
* “What!” (1934)
* “Raid” (1934)
* “Skirmish at Sartoris” (1935)
* “Golden Land” (1935)
* “That Will Be Fine” (1935)
* “Uncle Willy” (1935)
* “Lion” (1935)
* “The Brooch” (1936)
* “Two Dollar Wife” (1936)
* “Fool About a Horse” (1936)
* “The Unvanquished” (1936)
* “Vendee” (1936)
* “Monk” (1937)
* “Barn Burning” (1939)
* “Hand Upon the Waters” (1939)
* “A Point of Law” (1940)
* “The Old People” (1940)
* “Pantaloon in Black” (1940)
* “Gold Is Not Always” (1940)
* “Tomorrow” (1940)
* “Go Down, Moses” (1941)
* “The Tall Men” (1941)
* “Two Soldiers” (1942)
* “Delta Autumn” (1942)
* “The Bear” (1942)
* “Afternoon of to Cow” (1943)
* “Shingles for the Lord” (1943)
* “My Grandmother Millard and General Bedford Forrest and the Battle of Harrykin Creek” (1943)
* “Shall Not Perish” (1943)
* “Compson, 1699-1945 Appendix” (1946)
* “An Error in Chemistry” (1946)
* “A Courtship” (1948)
* “Horse gambit” (Knight’s Horses 1949)
* “A Name for the city” (1950)
* “Notes on to Horsethief” (1951)
* “Mississippi” (1954)
* “Sepulture South: Gaslight” (1954)
* “Race at Morning” (1955)
* “By the People” (1955)
* “Hell Creek Crossing” (1962)
* “Mr. Acarius” (1965)
* “The Wishing Tree” (1967)
* “To the Jackson” (1971)
* “And Now what’s To Do” (1973)
* “Nympholepsy” (1973)
* “The Priest” (1976)
* “Mayday” (1977)
* “Frankie and Johnny” (1978)
* “Don Giovanni” (1979)
* “Peter” (1979)
* “A Portrait of Elmer” (1979)
* “Adolescence” (1979)
* “Snow” (1979)
* “Moonlight” (1979)
* “With Caution and Dispatch” (1979)
* “Hog Pawn” (1979)
* “A Dangerous Man” (1979)
* “To Return” (1979)
* “The Big Shot” (1979)
* “Eleven Aboard the Lugger (II)” (1979)
* “Dull Tale” (1979)
* “Evangeline” (1979)
* “Love” (1988)
* “Christmas Tree” (1995)
* “Rose of Lebanon” (1995)
* “Lucas Beauchamp” (1999)
Poetry collections
* Vision in Spring (1921)
* The Marble Faun (1924)
* This Earth, Poem (1932)
* A Green Bough (1965)
* Mississippi Poems (1979)
* Helen, Courtship and Mississippi Poems (1981)
Test
* W. Faulkner, J.M. Coetzee, Pablo Neruda, Doris Lessing and g. Garcia Marquez, speeches (2008), Alpha Decay, Barcelona.
Scripts for cinema
* Today We Live (“Live today”, 1933) Howard Hawks
* The Road to Glory Cassel (1936) Howard Hawks
* Slave Ship (1937)
* Gunga Din Cassel (1939) by George Stevens
* To Have and Have Not (“Having and not having”, 1944) Howard Hawks
* The Southerner (“The man from the South”, 1945) of Jean Renoir
* The Big Sleep (“The big sleep”, 1946) Howard Hawks
* Land of the Pharaohs (“Land of Pharaohs”, 1955) Howard Hawks
Film adaptations
In 1932 the American filmmaker Stephen Roberts adapts its novel Sanctuary in a film entitled “The Story of Temple Drake”, in Spain “kidnapping”, starring Miriam Hopkins and Herbert Marshall. Tape becomes a small classical black drama of the 1930s, although today it is virtually impossible to access in Europe. This same story covers in 1961 with the Briton Tony Richardson after the camera, and Lee Remick and Tony Ross fatale, making a movie also considerable.
Intruder in the dust has its own translation to the screen in 1954, as last and excellent film veteran filmmaker Clarence Brown, about the pioneers of the Mayflower installing as early settlers in North America, with Gene Tierney and Spencer Tracy heading the cast.
The reivers, finally, was the subject of an interesting hand Mark Rydell, in an adventure drama starring Steve McQueen and Sharon Farrell 1969 canonical version.
Barton Fink, directed by Ethan and Joel Coen, presents a strong southern accent in obvious tribute alcoholic writer William Faulkner.
