Gabriel Joseph of Concordia García Márquez (born in the town of Aracataca, Magdalena Department, Region Caribbean 6 March 1927)[ 1 ] is a novelist colombiano, writer of short stories, writer and journalist. Known family and his friends such as Johnny y Michelle (guajiro Gabriel for short), or short Gabo from Eduardo Zalamea Borda Deputy Director of the daily bogotano El Espectador, began to call you.
Genius, popularity and charisma of Gabriel García Márquez makes it incomparable and distinguished between the authors of the Spanish language during the second half of the 20th century, and in 1982 received the Nobel Prize in literature (see: prizes, awards and tributes).
Gabriel García Márquez has been inextricably linked to the literary genre of magic realism. His best-known novel one hundred years of solitude, it is one of the most representative of this genre.[ 2 ] In 2007, the Royal Spanish Academy and the Association of Spanish language academies launched a commemorative popular edition of this novel, as part of the great Spanish classics of all time. The text was reviewed by Gabriel García Márquez own
What makes Gabriel García Márquez so famous is not only his genius as a writer, but his ability to use this talent to share their political ideologies.[ 5 ] An example of their political participation is his friendship with leading Cuban Fidel Castro, a relationship which has caused much controversy in the literary and political worlds.
Biography
Childhood and youth
Son of Gabriel Eligio García and Luisa Santiaga Iguarán Márquez, Gabriel García Márquez was born in Aracataca, Department capital of Magdalena, Colombia, “Sunday 6 March 1927 at 9 am… ‘, as concerns the own writer in his memoirs.[ 1 ]
When his parents fell in love, Louise, Colonel Nicolás Ricardo Márquez Mejía, father opposed this relationship Gabriel Eligio Garcia, who had arrived in Aracataca as telegraphist, was not the man he considered most appropriate for your child by being single mother son, belonging to the Colombian conservative party and being a self-confessed womanizer.[ 1 ] With the intention of separating them, Luisa was sent out of town, but Gabriel Eligio cortejó it with violin SERENADES, love poems, countless letters and frequent telegraph messages. Family finally capitulated and Louise got permission to marry Gabriel Eligio, which happened on June 11, 1926 in Santa Marta. The history and the courtship tragicomedy later inspire his son novel love in the time of cholera.[ 1 ]
Shortly after the birth of Gabriel, his father became pharmaceutical, and in January 1929, moved with Luisa to Barranquilla, Gabriel in Aracataca leaving the care of his maternal grandparents. Since he lived with them during the first years of his life, he received a strong influence of Colonel Márquez, who young man killed a man in a duel and had, in addition of the three official, nine others with different mothers. The Colonel was a liberal veteran of the Thousand days war, highly respected by its backers and known for their refusal to remain silent about the massacre of the banana plantations, event which killed hundreds of people at the hands of the Armed forces of Colombia during a strike of the workers in the banana plantations, fact that García Márquez his in his work.[ 1 ]
The Colonel to who called Gabriel Papalelo, describing it as his “cord with history and reality’, was also an excellent narrator and taught him, for example, to frequently consult the dictionary, it led him to the circus each year and was the first to introduce his grandson in”miracle”of the ice, who was in the shop of the united fruit company.[ 1 ] Often said: «You don’t know what weighs a dead», thus referring to there was no greater burden than the killing a man, lesson that García Márquez would later incorporated into his novels.
His grandmother, Tranquilina Iguarán Cotes, was as much influence on García Márquez as her husband. Full of stunning superstitions and popular beliefs, as they were many sisters, filled the House with stories of ghosts and premonitions.[ 9 ] Also played an influential role in his education. García Márquez was inspired by the way in which she was extraordinary as something perfectly natural; the House was filled with stories of ghosts and premonitions, omens and signs. Set out by the writer, “it was the origin of a magical, superstitious and supernatural view of reality.” He enjoyed the original way of telling stories of his grandmother, who no matter how fantastic or improbable his stories were always referred them as if they were indisputable truth. It’s a style that some thirty years later, his grandson would use in a hundred years of solitude, his most popular novel.[ 9 ]
His grandfather died in 1936, when Gabriel was eight years old, and due to the blindness of his grandmother he went to live with his parents in Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia), where his father worked as a pharmacist.
His childhood is told in his memoirs live to tell the tale.[ 1 ] 24 Years of absence, in 2007 he returned to Aracataca tribute paid to him the Colombian Government to fulfil its 80 years and 40 since the first hundred years of solitude.
Education
Shortly after arrival to Sucre, was decided Gabriel should begin his formal education, and he was sent to a boarding school in Barranquilla, a port at the mouth of the Magdalena river. There he acquired reputation for timid boy who wrote humorous poems and drew humorous strips. Serious and little given to athletic activities, was nicknamed El Viejo by his classmates.[ 8 ] García Márquez studied the early grades of secondary school Jesuit St. Joseph today Institute (San Jose) since 1940. In San Jose, he published his first poems in the youth school magazine. On a visit to her parents in Sucre, met Mercedes Barcha in a dance students and immediately assumed that he intended to marry her when he finished his studies.[ 8 ]
After his graduation in 1947, García Márquez was to Bogotá to study law at Colombia National University, where he had special dedication to reading. Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka ‘in false translation by Jorge Luis Borges’ was a play that particularly inspired. He was excited with the idea of writing, not traditional literature, but in a style similar to the stories of his grandmother, that ‘inserted extraordinary events and anomalies as if they were simply an aspect of everyday life’. His desire to be a writer was growing. Soon after, he published his first short story, the third resignation appeared on 13 September 1947 in the edition of the newspaper El Espectador.
His passion was writing, he continued law in 1948 to please his father. After the so-called “Bogotazo” in 1948, bloody riots that erupted on April 9 from the assassination of popular leader Jorge eliécer gaitán, University closed indefinitely and his pension was burned down. García Márquez, moved to the University of Cartagena and began working as a reporter for El Universal. In 1950, he desist becoming a lawyer to focus on journalism and moved back to Barranquilla to work as a columnist and reporter for the newspaper El Heraldo. Although García Márquez never finished his higher studies, some universities, such as the Columbia University New York, granted a doctorate honoris cause letters.[ 8 ]
Marriage and family
García Márquez married in 1958 Mercedes Barcha, the daughter of an apothecary «to which he had proposed marriage from its thirteen years».[ 1 ] In 1959 had their first child, Rodrigo.[ 10 ] Mercedes, which has been García Márquez married for 53 years, is a tall, beautiful woman with brown hair to shoulders. Mercedes is an Egyptian immigrant, granddaughter apparently manifests itself in a few wide cheekbones and large and penetrating Brown eyes.[ 8 ] García Márquez has referred to constantly Mercedes and lovingly proud; When he spoke of his friendship with Fidel Castro, for example, noted, “Fidel trusts Mercedes even more than me’.[ 6 ]
In 1961 he settled in New York as a Latin press correspondent. After receiving threats and CIA and criticism of Cuban exiles, who did not share the contents of his reporting, he decided to move to Mexico. ubsequently settled in the City of Mexico. Three years later, was born to his second son, Gonzalo, currently Mexico City graphic designer.[ 8 ]
Fame
View: Prizes, awards and tributes
Global visibility of García Márquez starts when you publish a hundred years of solitude in June 1967, and 8000 copies sold in a week. Henceforth, the success was assured, and the novel sold a new edition every week to sell 500,000 copies in three years. It has been translated into more than twenty-four languages and won four international awards. The success had come at last and the writer was 40 when the world learned her name. The correspondence of admirers, awards, interviews, hearings. It was obvious that his life had changed. In 1969 the novel won the rap Chianchiano in Italy and was named ‘Best book abroad» in France. In 1970, it was published in English and was chosen as one of the best twelve books of the year in the United States. Two years later he was awarded the Rómulo Gallegos Prize and prize Neustadt and in 1971, Mario Vargas Llosa published a book about his life and work. To counter this exhibition, García Márquez returned to writing. Decided to write about a dictator, he moved with his family to Barcelona, Spain, who spent his last years under Francisco Franco’s regime.[ 8 ]
The popularity of her writing also led to a friendship with powerful leaders, including former Cuban President Fidel Castro, friendship has been analysed in Gabo and Fidel: Portrait of a friendship.[ 6 ] In an interview with Claudia Dreifus in 1982 said his relationship with Castro is largely based on literature: “ours is an intellectual friendship.” You may not be widely known that Fidel is a cultured man. «When we are together, we talk a lot about literature». Some have criticized Garcia Marquez for this relationship; Reinaldo Arenas, Cuban writer in 1992 in his memoirs before that dark, points out that García Márquez was with Castro, in 1980, in a speech in which the latter accused refugees recently murdered in Peru be ‘mob’ Embassy. Sands recalled bitterly writer colleagues pay tribute this with ‘hypocritical applause’ Castro.[ 6 ]
Also due to his fame and his views on U.S. imperialism, he was labeled as subversive and for many years he was denied U.S. visa by immigration authorities.[ 9 ] However, when Bill Clinton was elected President of the United States, it finally lifted the ban on travel to the country and stated that one hundred years of solitude “is his favorite novel”.[ 11 ] There is a street named after him in East Los Angeles (California).
In 1981, the year that was awarded the Medal of the French legion returned with Castro, visit Colombia to find once again in trouble. The Conservative Government accused it of Fund M-19 guerrillas liberal group. Fleeing from Colombia asked political shelter and he was received into Mexico, which continues under a House.[ 6 ]
From 1986 to 1988, Garcia Marquez lived and worked in Mexico City, Havana and Cartagena de Indias. Later, in 1987, there was a celebration in Europe and America of the twentieth anniversary of the first edition of one hundred years of solitude. Not only had written books, also had been finalized by writing your first play, diatribe of love against a sitting man. The film premiered in 1988 A very old man with enormous wings Lord directed by Fernando Birri.[ 12 ]
In 1993, he founded and directed in Cartagena school again journalism, with the collaboration of major foreign communicators.[ 12 ]
In 1995, Caro Raven Institute published two-volume critical about Gabriel García Márquez repertoire.
García Márquez published news of a kidnapping, where combined testimonial guidance of journalism and its own narrative style in 1996. This story represents the immense wave of violence and kidnapping Colombia continued by addressing.
In 1999, American Jon Lee anderson published a revealing about García Márquez, which had the opportunity to live for several months with the writer and his wife at his home in Bogotá.[ 4 ]
Disease
In 1999 he was diagnosed with lymphatic cancer. Regarding the writer stated in 2000 in an interview to the newspaper El Tiempo of Bogotá:
More than a year ago I was subjected to a three months against Lymphoma treatment, and today I amazed myself huge lottery that has been the stumbling block in my life. For fear of not having time to complete the three volumes of my memories and two books of short stories I had half the relationships with my friends I reduced to a minimum, desconecté phone canceled trips and all kinds of pending and future commitments and me locked to write every day without interruption from eight in the morning until 2 pm. During that time, no drugs of any kind, my relationships with doctors reduced annual controls and a simple diet for not passing me weight. Meanwhile, I returned to journalism, I returned to my favorite vice of music and I contacted my overdue readings a day.
In the same interview, García Márquez refers to the poem entitled the puppet, which was attributed by the Peruvian newspaper La República as a farewell for his impending death, denying such information.[ 13 ] He denied being the author of the poem and clarified that “the real author is a young Mexican ventriloquist who wrote for his doll, referring to the Mexican ventriloquist, Johnny welch.
In 2002, his biographer Gerald Martin flew Mexico City to speak to Garcia Marquez. His wife, Mercedes, had influenza and the writer had to visit Martin in your hotel. He said, Gabriel García Márquez had the appearance of the typical cancer survivor. Still thin and with short hair, she completed live to tell the tale that year.
Literary career
Journalism
García Márquez started his career as a journalist while studying law at the University. In 1948 and 1949 he wrote for the newspaper El Universal in Cartagena. From 1950 to 1952, he wrote a “capricious” column named ‘septimus’ for the local newspaper El Heraldo of Barranquilla.[ 8 ] García Márquez took note of his time in El Heraldo. During this time he became an active member of the informal group of writers and journalists known as Barranquilla group, an association that was a great motivation and inspiration for his literary career. He worked with figures like José Félix Fuenmayor, Catalan Ramon Vinyes, Álvaro Cepeda, Germán Vargas, Alfonso Fuenmayor, Alejandro Obregón, Orlando Rivera “Figurine” and Julio Mario Santo Domingo, among others.[ 4 ] García Márquez would use, for example, to Ramon Vinyes, which would be represented as a ‘Catalan wise’, owner of a bookshop in one hundred years of solitude. At that time García Márquez read the works of writers such as Virginia woolf and William Faulkner, who influenced García Márquez narrative techniques, historical subjects and the use of provincial towns. Barranquilla environment provided Garcia Marquez a literary education at the global level and a unique perspective on the culture of the Caribbean. With his journalism career, Gabriel García Márquez has mentioned him he served as a tool for «not to lose contact with reality».
Álvaro Mutis demand in 1954 García Márquez returned to Bogotá to work in The viewer as a reporter and film critic. A year later, García Márquez published in the same journal a castaway tale, a series of fourteen Chronicles on the wreck of the destroyer A. r. C. Caldas, based on interviews with Luis Alejandro Velasco, young sailor who survived the sinking. The publication of articles gave rise to a public controversy at the national level when in the last letter revealed the hidden story since it discredited the official version of events which had attributed the cause of the sinking to a storm.[ 1 ] Because of this controversy, García Márquez was sent to Europe to be foreign correspondent of El Espectador. He wrote his experiences in The independent, a newspaper which briefly replaced El Espectador, during the military Government of general Gustavo Rojas Pinilla and was later closed by the Colombian authorities. Shortly after, after the victory of the Cuban revolution in 1960, García Márquez traveled to Havana, where worked in the established press agency by the Cuban Government Press Latin and befriended Ernesto Guevara.
Together with his brother Jaime García Márquez and Jaime Abello Banfi, created new journalism Ibero-American Foundation (Iberoamericano) in 1994, which aims to help young journalists to learn with teachers such as Alma guillermoprieto and Jon Lee anderson and stimulate new ways of doing journalism. García Márquez is still the President of the Foundation.
His first major publications
His first short story, the third resignation, was published in 1947 on a liberal Bogotá newspaper called El Espectador. A year later, he began his work in journalism for the newspaper. His first works were all stories published in the same newspaper from 1947 to 1952. During these years he published a total of fifteen stories.[ 4 ]
Gabriel García Márquez wanted to be a journalist and writing novels; I also wanted to create a more just society.[ 4 ] For the leaf litter, his first novel, brought him several years find a Publisher. It was finally published in 1955, and although criticism was excellent, most of the Edition remained in Winery and the author received no «a cent by royalties».[ 1 ] García Márquez says ‘all that he had written, the litter was his favorite because they felt that it was the most sincere and spontaneous’.
Gabriel García Márquez took eighteen months to write a hundred years of solitude.[ 4 ] Tuesday, 30 May 1967 it went on sale in Buenos Aires the first edition of the novel. After three decades had been translated into 37 languages and sold 25 million copies worldwide. It was a real hit, which exploded from day one.” The book was released the libraries without any kind of advertising campaign, the novel his first edition of 8000 copies sold out within two weeks and soon became the title and its magical realism in the mirror of the Latin-American soul.[ 15 ] One hundred years of solitude has influenced almost all important novelists in the world. The novel is a chronicle of the Buendía family in the village of Macondo, which was founded by José Arcadius Buendía. It can be considered a work of magical realism.[
Love in the time of cholera was first published in 1985. It is based on the stories of two couples. The story of the young couple Florentino Ariza and Fermina Daza is inspired by the love story of García Márquez parents.[ 1 ] However, like García Márquez explains in an interview: ‘the only difference is that my parents were married. And as soon as they were married, they were no longer interesting as literary figures.[ 11 ] Love the elderly is based on a story that read in a newspaper about the death of two Americans, nearly eighty years of age, they met every year in Acapulco. They were on a ship and a day were killed by the boatman with their oars. García Márquez says: «on his death, the story of his affair secret became known.» I was fascinated with it. «Were each married to someone else».[ 11 ]
Recent work
In 2002, García Márquez published the book of memoirs live to tell the tale, the first of three volumes of his memoirs that the writer had announced as:
It begins with the life of my maternal grandparents and the loves of my parents at the beginning of the century and ends in 1955 when I published my first book, the litter, to travel to Europe as a correspondent for El Espectador. The second volume will follow until the publication of one hundred years of solitude, more than twenty years later. The third will have a different format, and they will only be memories of my personal relationships with six or seven Presidents of various countries.
His most recent novel, memory of my melancholy whores, appeared in 2004 and is a love story that follows the romance of a ninety year old man and his pubescent concubine. This book caused controversy in Iran, where banned after 5000 copies printed and sold and Mexico. An NGO threatened to sue the writer to do advocacy of child prostitution in Mexico.
Style
While there are certain aspects that almost always readers can expect in the works of García Márquez, humor, there is no default, and clear style of template. In an interview with Marlise Simons, García Márquez said:
In all the books that try to make a different path […]. One does not choose the style. You can investigate and attempt to discover what is the best style for what would be an issue. But the style is determined by the subject by mood of the times. If you try to use something that is not fit, it will simply not work. Then critics regarding to build theories, see things that I had not seen. Only respond to our way of life, the life of the Caribbean
García Márquez is also known for leaving out seemingly important details and events so that the reader is forced into a more participatory role in developed history. For example, Colonel has no who enter the main characters do not names. This practice is influenced by the Greek tragedies as Antígona and Oedipus King, where important events outside of the stage occur and are left to the imagination of the public.
Important topics
Solitude
The theme of loneliness crosses great part of the works of García Márquez. Pelayo notes that ‘”love in the time of cholera , as the work of Gabriel García Márquez, explore the solitude of the individual and mankind… portrait on the loneliness of love and being in love” ‘.
Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza asked: ‘ if the solitude is the subject of his books where we must search for the roots of this excess?» «In her childhood this time?”. García Márquez replied: “I think it is a problem that everyone has.” Everyone has their own way and the means of expressing the same. «Feeling permeates the work of so many writers, although some of them can express the unconscious».
In his Nobel Prize acceptance speech solitude Latin American, refers to this solitude topic related to Latin America: ‘ interpretation of our reality through the patterns, not ours, only serves to make us ever more unknown, increasingly less free, more solitary ‘.
Macondo
Another important theme in the works of García Márquez is the invention of the village he calls Macondo. He uses his home town of Aracataca (Colombia), as a geographical reference for creating this imaginary city, but the representation of the people is not limited to this specific area. García Márquez shares: “Macondo is not a place as a State of mind”.[ 7 ] This town of fiction has become notorious known in the literary world and ‘geography and people are constantly invoked by teachers, politicians, and agents’ […] that make ‘hard to believe that it is a pure invention’.[ 21 ] In the leaf litter, García Márquez describes reality «banana boom» in Macondo, including an apparent period of ‘wealth’ in the presence of businesses in the United States, and a period of depression with the departure of American companies relating to bananas. One hundred years of solitude is carried out in Macondo and tells the full story of this fictional city since its founding until his disappearance with the last Buendia.
In his autobiography, García Márquez explains his fascination with the word and concept Macondo when he describes a trip he made to his mother back to Aracataca:
The train stopped at a station which had no city, and a while later became sole planting banana route that had his name written on the door: Macondo. This word has caught my attention since the first trips that he had done with my grandfather, but only have discovered as an adult that I liked his poetic resonance. “I have never heard, and even wonder what means… happened to me while reading an encyclopedia that is a tropical tree similar to la ceiba”
According to some scholars, Macondo – city founded by José Arcadius Buendía over one hundred years of solitude – only exists as a result of the language. Macondo building is entirely conditional on the existence of the written word. The word – to communicate – manifests the reality and allows the man for a Union with reasons beyond their immediate environment.
Violence and culture
In several of the works of García Márquez, including Colonel has no who writes bad time and the leaf litter, there are subtle references on ‘ Violence ‘, that civil war between conservatives and Liberals that lasted until the 1960s, killing hundreds of thousands of Colombians. These are references to unjust situations live various characters such as curfew or press censorship. Bad time, is not one of the most famous novels of García Márquez, notable for his portrayal of violence with a fragmented picture of social disintegration caused by violence. He is that these works «violence becomes story, on the apparent futility of so many episodes of blood and death».
However, although García Márquez describes the corrupt nature and injustices of the violence in Colombia time, refuses to use his work as a platform for political propaganda. “For him, the duty of the revolutionary writer to write well, and the ideal is a novel that moves the reader for its political and social content, and at the same time by its power to penetrate the reality and expose your face”.
In the works of García Márquez «obsession with capturing the Latin American cultural identity and define the features of the Caribbean world» can be also found.[ 24 ] Also it’s Deconstructing social standards as laid down in this part of the world. As an example, the character of Meme in a hundred years of solitude can be seen as a tool to criticize the conventions and prejudices of society. In this case, she not forms law conventional “young women should be Virgin marriage” because he had an illicit relationship with Mauritius Babylon.[ 12 ] You can see another example of this criticism of the social norms of the love affair between Petra Cotes and Aureliano second. At the end of the play – when they are old – will they fall in love more deeply than before. So, García Márquez is criticizing the displayed image by society that «the old not can love».
Literary influences
In his younger years, Gabriel García Márquez began to associate with a literary circle called the Group of Barranquilla, and under his influence, he began to read the work of Hemingway, Woolf, Joyce and Faulkner. He also undertook a study of the classics, finding great inspiration in the work of King Oedipus of Sophocles. In the work of Gabriel García Márquez entitled turnip, black made waiting for Angels appear similar elements Faulkner as deliberate ambiguity and an early painting of solitude.
On many occasions, Gabriel García Márquez has expressed his admiration for the tragedies of Sophocles. He used a quote from Antígona at the beginning of his litter and it is said that moral dilemma in Antígona provides structural support to the litter
Realism and magical realism
Main article: Magical realism
As an author of fiction, García Márquez is always associated with magical realism. In fact, is regarded as the central figure in this genre. Magical realism is used to describe items that have, as it is the case in the work of this author, the juxtaposition of fantasy and mythic with ordinary and daily activities.
Realism is an important theme in the works of García Márquez. He has said his early work (with the exception of the leaf litter), Colonel has no who writes bad time and the funeral of the great mother, to reflect the reality of life in Colombia and this theme determines the rational structure of the books. It says: “I don’t regret having them written, but they belong to a type of premeditated literature that offer a view of reality too static and too exclusive”.
In his other works he has experienced more less traditional, realistic approaches that ‘the most terrible, more unusual say impassive expression’.[ 22 ] A commonly cited example is the spiritual and physical Ascension to heaven a character while you’re hanging clothes drying in one hundred years of solitude. The style of these works is part of the concept of the ‘wonderful Royal» described by the Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier and has been labeled as magic realism.[ 25 ] Literary critic Michael Bell proposes an alternative interpretation to the style of Garcia Marquez, whereas the category of magical realism has been criticized for being dichotimizing and Exoticizing: “what is really at stake is a psychological flexibility which is capable of anything romantically inhabiting the daytime world while it remains open to the incentives of those domains which modern culture has, by its own inner logic, necessarily marginalised or repressed”.[ 19 ] García Márquez and his friend Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza discuss his work in a similar way, “treatment of reality in your books… received a name of magical realism.” I have the impression that your European readers often warn the magic of things that you have, but do not see the reality behind them. Probably because its rationalism prevents them from viewing that reality does not end in the price of tomatoes and eggs.
García Márquez creates a world so similar to the everyday but at the same time totally different. Technically, it is a realist in the presentation of the real and the Unreal. Somehow it so a reality in which the boundaries between truth and fantasy fade away very naturally.
García Márquez has always shown an attitude about reality, his reasoning and interpretation of reality come from its social and political commitments. He came to make interesting statements that can be interpreted as the foundations of their conceptions of reality, its treatment and the intellectual process to conceive it.
Awards, honors and tributes
García Márquez in Aracataca Mural
* Nobel Prize. García Márquez received the Nobel Prize in literature, according to the laudatory of the Swedish Academy, «for his novels and short stories in which real and fantasy are combined in a quiet world of rich, imagination» reflecting life and conflicts of a continent.
His acceptance speech was titled solitude of Latin America.[ 20 ] It was the first Colombian and the fourth Latin American to win a Nobel Prize for literature, which stated: “I believe that to give me the Prize have taken into account the literature of the sub-continent and I have been awarded as a form of all of this literature Award ‘.
García Márquez has received many other awards, distinctions and tributes for their works such as those related to continuación:
* Award of ESSO novel bad time (1961).
* Honorary doctorate from Columbia University in New York (1971).
* Rómulo Gallegos Prize for one hundred years of solitude (1972).
* Medal of the French Legion of honor in Paris (1981).
* Decoration Aztec Eagle in Mexico (1982).
* Forty years of the circle of journalists Bogotá (1985) prize.
* Honorary Member of the Instituto Caro and Raven in Bogotá (1993).
* Honorary doctorate from the University of Cadiz (1994).
* Museum: March 25, 2010 the Colombian Government has finished rebuilding the House that García Márquez born in Aracataca, because 40 years ago it had been demolished and opened a museum dedicated to his memory with more than 14 rooms that recreate the spaces in which he spent his childhood there.
Legacy and criticism of Gabriel García Márquez
García Márquez is an important part of the Latin American Boom of literature. His works have received numerous critical studies, some large and significant, which discussed the theme and its political and historical content. Other studies focus on the mythic content, the characterizations of the characters, social environment, the mythical structure or symbolic representations in their most notable works
While the works of García Márquez have attracted a number of critics, many scholars praise its style and creativity. For example, Pablo Neruda has written about one hundred years of solitude ‘being greater revelation in Spanish from the Don Quixote of Cervantes’.
Some critics argue that García Márquez lack expertise in the literary arena and only writes their personal experiences and imagination. In this way, they say that their works are not significant. In response, García Márquez has mentioned that he is agree that sometimes inspiration does not come from books but music.[ 11 ] However, according to Carlos Fuentes, García Márquez has managed one of the major features of modern fiction. That is the release of the time of the release of an instant of time that allows the individual recreate himself and his time.[ 28 ] However, nobody can deny that García Márquez has helped rejuvenate, reformulate and recontextualizar literature and criticism in Colombia and in the rest of Latin America.[